Notch receptors are clustered and trans-endocytosed by Delta ligand cells. Confocal micrograph of a Delta expressing cell (left) interacting with a Notch expressing cell (right). Following interaction with Delta (blue), cell surface Notch (yellow) is clustered at cell-cell interfaces. Notch extracellular domain is detected within Delta cells (green) indicative of trans-endocytosis. Endocytosis of ligand while bound to Notch may produce a force sufficient to pull Notch apart and activate signaling.
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Volume 8 Issue 8 August 2007
A family of aspartic proteases and a novel, dynamic, and cell-cycle dependent protease localization in the secretory pathway of Toxoplasma gondii
Michael Shea, Ursula Jäkle, Qing Liu, Colin Berry, Keith A. Joiner, and Dominique Soldati

Supplemental Figure 1. Alignment of TgASPs and plasmepsins Red bar indicates catalytic site, blue bar shows flap, brown bar shows polyproline loop, yellow bar shows TgASP1-specific insert. The YASLL sequence of TgASP1 is boxed in red.

Figure 1 (.pdf)

Supplemental Figure 2. Alignment of all apicomplexan aspartic proteases used for the phylogenetic analysis. Regions used in phylogenetic analysis are: residues 190-222, 267-280, 300-320, 400-480, 508-527, 537-577, 589-599, 606-620, 627-633, 650-678, 720-745, 806-818, 826-835, 936-978, 996-1032, 1047-1057.

Figure 2 (.pdf)

Supplemental Figure 3. Apicomplexan ASPs fall into five phylogenetic groups with little overlap with ASPs of related species. A phylogenetic tree of apicomplexan ASPs, as well as those of the related non-apicomplexans Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phytophthora ramorum and human ASPs was generated using PAUP*4.0b10. Apicomplexan ASPs cluster primarily in the same five groups identified in Figure 2.

Figure 3 (.pdf)

Supplemental Figure 4. Epitope-tagged TgASP1 shows a similar localization to wild-type TgASP1. S4A. IFA was performed on strain RHmycASP1 using α-myc antibodies, and on strain RH&dhelta;hxgprt using α-peptide2 antibody. S4B. IFA was performed on strain RHmycASP1Ty1 using α-Ty1 and α-peptide2 antibodies; merge is shown on the right hand panel.

Figure 4 (.pdf)

Supplemental Table 1. Transcription of the different TgASP genes is developmentally regulated. The table lists the number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) present for different life-cycle stages for the different TgASPs (taken from ToxoDB and ApiDots databases). Detection or not of transcripts in sporozoites by SAGE analysis is indicated. The right hand column indicates whether the cDNA could be amplified from tachyzoites total RNAs.

 

EST
Tachyzoite

EST
Bradyzoite

EST
Partially sporulated oocysts

SAGE
Bradyzoite

SAGE
Sporozoite

PCR amplify tachyzoite cDNAs

TgASP1

14

0

5

+

-

+

TgASP2

1

0

1

+

+

-

TgASP3

51

6

0

-

+

+

TgASP4

0

0

2

-

-

-

TgASP5

2

0

0

+

+

+

TgASP6

0

0

4

-

-

-

TgASP7

0

0

0

-

-

-


Supplemental Table 2. Primers and restriction sites used in generating DNA constructs.

Name

Sequence

Restriction sites

Used for

Primer 1

CCGCCTGCAGGGAATGTCTCCGTCGTCGCGG

SbfI

TgASP1 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 2

CCTTAATTAATTCTTGAGTCTGGCGAAGCC

PacI

TgASP1 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 3

CGCGGATCCAAAAAGGACGATGGGAATTTGTCG

BamHI

TgASP1 expression in bacterial system

Primer 4

CCGCTCGAGTCACGAGGCGCTGCAGACCCA

XhoI

TgASP1 expression in bacterial system

Primer 5

GGAAAGCGATCCTCCTTGGCTGCCTCGGC
GGCTGACTCTGCATCTGTTTC

TgASP1 mutate YASLL to AASAA

Primer 6

GAAACAGATGCAGAGTCAGCCGCCGAGGC
AGCCAAGGAGGATCGCTTTCC

TgASP1 mutate YASLL to AASAA

Primer 7

GGCCAATTGCCTTTTTCGACAAAATGAGGCTGT
TTCACACGATTGCATG

TgASP2 RT-PCR

Primer 8

CCGTTAATTAAACGGTCGCTCTGACGCACAAGC

TgASP2 RT-PCR

Primer 9

GCATGCATGAGGGCCGGACTACCGCG

TgASP3 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 10

GGCTTAATTAATCACAATTCACGCATCGACGGCGC

TgASP3 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 11

GCGCAAGGGGAAATGCACTGG

TgASP4 RT-PCR

Primer 12

GCAGGTCGTCAGCTCCAGG

TgASP4 RT-PCR

Primer 13

CGCCAATTGCCTTTTTCGACAAAATGGAGGCAGGC
GCGATGG

TgASP5 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 14

GGCATGCATTCTCTCCGCCAAGAGGCAGATC

TgASP5 cDNA for expression in T. gondii

Primer 15

GGAGAAGCGCATCATTTCAGCCG

TgASP6 RT-PCR

Primer 16

CGAGTGCATCTTCTTCTGCAGCG

TgASP6 RT-PCR

Primer 17

CCTCGACACTGGATCTTCTGTGC

TgASP7 RT-PCR

Primer 18

GGAAATAGCTCATCGTGGTACCCG

TgASP7 RT-PCR

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