Notch receptors are clustered and trans-endocytosed by Delta ligand cells. Confocal micrograph of a Delta expressing cell (left) interacting with a Notch expressing cell (right). Following interaction with Delta (blue), cell surface Notch (yellow) is clustered at cell-cell interfaces. Notch extracellular domain is detected within Delta cells (green) indicative of trans-endocytosis. Endocytosis of ligand while bound to Notch may produce a force sufficient to pull Notch apart and activate signaling.
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Volume 2 Issue 5 May 2001, pages 347-357
Trafficking of yellow fluorescent protein tagged mu1 subunit of clathrin adaptor AP1 complex in living cells
F Huang, A Nesterov, RE Carter and A Sorkin

Movie #1
Visualization of the tubular-vesicular transport intermediate containing AP-1/YFP-m1.
HeLa-tet cells expressing YFP-m1 were grown in microscope chambers without tetracycline. 30 images were acquired with 1-sec intervals at 37oC. Several vesicles or spherical swellings ("varicosities") appear to separate from the TGN membranes and move towards cell periphery along the same "track" which in some parts could be seen as fine tubular processes.

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Movie 1

Movie #2
Formation of vesicles containing AP-1/YFP-m1 at the TGN and their directional movement towards cell periphery.
HeLa-tet cells expressing YFP-m1 were grown in microscope chambers without tetracycline. 30 images were acquired with 1-sec intervals at 37oC. Vesicles form in the TGN area and move towards cell periphery. The coalescence of a vesicle formed in the TGN area with more peripheral AP-1-containing vesicles was observed along the same path of moving vesicles. In some cases, the coalescence resulted in increased fluorescence of the resulting vesicles and could indicate the fusion of two vesicles. After several seconds of moving towards the cell periphery, the fluorescence of vesicles is dispersed.

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Movi 2

Movie #3
Moving of vesicles containing AP-1/YFP-m1 to TGN.
HeLa-tet cells expressing YFP-m1 were grown in microscope chambers without tetracycline. 20 images were acquired with 1-sec intervals at 37oC. Movement of AP-1- containing vesicle or varicosity towards the TGN and their convergence with the bright fluorescence structures in the TGN is observed. Along the same track, the movement of vesicles/varicosities towards cell periphery can also be seen.

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Movie 3

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