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Volume 5 issue 5 May 2004
Predicting function from structure: 3D structure studies of the mammalian Golgi complex
1, 4 Soren Mogelsvang, 2,3,4 Brad J. Marsh, 2 Mark S. Ladinsky and 1,5 Kathryn E. Howell 1
1 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
2 Boulder Laboratory for 3-D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
3 Current address: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
4 Both authors contributed equally to this work
5 Correspondence should be addressed to K.E.H.; E-mail: Kathryn.Howell@UCHSC.edu, Tel: 1-303-315-5153, Fax: 1-303-315-4729
Abbreviations: 3D, three-dimensional; EM, electron microscope/electron microscopy; 2D, two-dimensional; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; VTCs, vesicular-tubular clusters ; ERGIC, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment; TGN, trans-Golgi network; TGR, trans-Golgi reticulum
QuickTime movies 1-3. The Golgi ribbon. 3D models of part of the Golgi ribbon generated from EM tomograms from two different HIT-T15 cells are shown rotated around the y axis. The different colors indicate individual cisternae; C1, light blue; C2, pink; C3, cherry red; C4, green; C5, dark blue; C6, gold; C7, red. Movies 1 and 2 show the Golgi regions in the context of the numerous small vesicles (white) that closely surround the stacks. The vesicles have been omitted from Movie 3 to allow a better view of the Golgi region presented in Movie 2.
QuickTime movies 4 and 5. The cis-Golgi. Movie 4. Holes and fenestrae of the cis-most cisterna C1, (light blue) are closely aligned with those of C2 (pink). Movie 5. Individual VTCs (aquamarine) assembled against the cis-most cisterna (light blue) can be viewed as the model data are rotated around the y and x axes.
QuickTime movies 6-10. The trans-Golgi. Movie 6. The three trans-cisternae of the Golgi regions presented in Fig. 1 and highlighted in Fig. 3 can be followed as the 3D model data are rotated around the y axis (C5, dark blue; C6, gold; C7, red). Movie 7 shows the two trans-cisternae C6 (gold) and C7 (red) by themselves, rotated around the y axis. The penultimate trans-cisterna (C6) comprises an anastomosing tubular reticular network. Movie 8. The solid, essentially smooth architecture of the clathrin-coated, trans-most cisterna (C7) and the tubules that extend across its cisternal surface can be better appreciated as the model data are rotated around first the y , and then the x axis. The model data from the second Golgi region presented in Fig. 3D, E are shown rotated around the y and x axes in Movies 9 and 10, allowing the reader to better visualize the heavily fragmented trans-Golgi.
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