Roles of an Unconventional Protein Kinase and Myosin II in Amoeba Osmotic Shock Responses
Venkaiah Betapudi, Thomas T. Egelhoff
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 12: 1773 - 1784, Abstract
The contractile vacuole (CV) is a dynamic organelle that enables Dictyostelium amoeba and other protist to maintain osmotic homeostasis by expelling excess water. In the present study, we have uncovered a mechanism that coordinates the mechanics of the CV with myosin II, regulated by VwkA, an unconventional protein kinase that is conserved in an array of protozoa. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-VwkA fusion proteins localize persistently to the CV during both ...

A Role for the Karyopherin Kap123p in Microtubule Stability
Christopher Ptak, Andrea M. Anderson, Robert J. Scott, David Van de Vosse, Richard S. Rogers, Yaroslav Sydorskyy, John D. Aitchison, Richard W. Wozniak
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 11: 1619 - 1634, Abstract
Several components of the nuclear transport machinery play a role in mitotic spindle assembly in higher eukaryotes. To further investigate the role of this family of proteins in microtubule function, we screened for mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that confer sensitivity to microtubule-destabilizing drugs. One mutant exhibiting this phenotype lacked the gene encoding the karyopherin Kap123p. Analysis of kap123Δ cells revealed that the drug sensitivity was caused by a defect ...

Dynactin Subunit p150Glued Isoforms Notable for Differential Interaction with Microtubules
Olga N. Zhapparova, Sofiya A. Bryantseva, Liudmila V. Dergunova, Natalia M. Raevskaya, Anton V. Burakov, Olga B. Bantysh, Nina A. Shanina, Elena S. Nadezhdina
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 11: 1635 - 1646, Abstract
Dynactin is a multiprotein complex that enhances dynein activity. The largest dynactin subunit, p150Glued, interacts with microtubules through its N-terminal region that contains a globular cytoskeleton-associated protein (CAP)-Gly domain and basic microtubule-binding domain of unknown structure. The p150Glued gene has a complicated intron–exon structure, and many splice isoforms of p150Glued protein have been predicted. Here we describe novel natural 150 kDa ...

Altered Motor Activity of Alternative Splice Variants of the Mammalian Kinesin-3 Protein KIF1B
Masafumi Matsushita, Ruri Yamamoto, Keiji Mitsui, Hiroshi Kanazawa
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 11: 1647 - 1654, Abstract
Several mammalian kinesin motor proteins exist as multiple isoforms that arise from alternative splicing of a single gene. However, the roles of many motor protein splice variants remain unclear. The kinesin-3 motor protein KIF1B has alternatively spliced isoforms distinguished by the presence or absence of insertion sequences in the conserved amino-terminal region of the protein. The insertions are located in the loop region containing the lysine-rich cluster, also known as the K-loop ...

Microtubule Binding and Trapping at the Tip of Neurites Regulate Tau Motion in Living Neurons
Carina Weissmann, Hans-Jürgen Reyher, Anne Gauthier, Heinz-Jürgen Steinhoff, Wolfgang Junge, Roland Brandt
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 11: 1655 - 1668, Abstract
During the development of neurons, the microtubule-associated tau proteins show a graded proximo-distal distribution in axons. In tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, tau accumulates in the somatodendritic compartment. To scrutinize the determinants of tau's distribution and motion, we constructed photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged tau fusion proteins and recorded their distribution after focal activation in living cells. Simulation showed that the motion ...

Diffusive Movement of Processive Kinesin-1 on Microtubules
Hailong Lu, M. Yusuf Ali, Carol S. Bookwalter, David M. Warshaw, Kathleen M. Trybus
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 10: 1429 - 1438, Abstract
The processive motor kinesin-1 moves unidirectionally toward the plus end of microtubules. This process can be visualized by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of kinesin bound to a carboxylated quantum dot (Qdot), which acts both as cargo and label. Surprisingly, when kinesin is bound to an anti-HIS Qdot, it shows diffusive movement on microtubules, which decreased in favor of processive runs with increasing salt concentration. This observation implies that kinesin movement on ...

Nudel Promotes Axonal Lysosome Clearance and Endo-lysosome Formation via Dynein-Mediated Transport
Qiangge Zhang, Fubin Wang, Jingli Cao, Yidong Shen, Qiongping Huang, Lan Bao, Xueliang Zhu
Traffic, Early View
Published Online: 27 May 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00945.x, Abstract
Axonal transport is critical for neuronal function and survival. Cytoplasmic dynein and its accessory complex dynactin form a microtubule minus end-directed motor in charge of retrograde transport. In this study, we show that Nudel, a dynein regulator, was highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Microinjection of anti-Nudel antibody into cultured DRG neurons abolished ...

Photoreceptor IFT Complexes Containing Chaperones, Guanylyl Cyclase 1 and Rhodopsin
Reshma Bhowmick, Mei Li, Jun Sun, Sheila A. Baker, Christine Insinna, Joseph C. Besharse
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 6: 648 - 663, Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) provides a mechanism for the transport of cilium-specific proteins, but the mechanisms for linkage of cargo and IFT proteins have not been identified. Using the sensory outer segments (OS) of photoreceptors, which are derived from sensory cilia, we have identified IFT–cargo complexes containing IFT proteins, kinesin 2 family proteins, two photoreceptor-specific ...

Shank1 mRNA: Dendritic Transport by Kinesin and Translational Control by the 5'Untranslated Region
Katrin Falley, Janin Schütt, Peter Iglauer, Katharina Menke, Christoph Maas, Matthias Kneussel, Stefan Kindler, Fred S. Wouters, Dietmar Richter, Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
Traffic, Early View Article, Abstract
Dendritic mRNA transport coupled with local regulation of translation enables neurons to selectively alter the protein composition of individual postsynaptic sites. We have analyzed dendritic localization of shank1 mRNAs; shank proteins (shank1–3) are scaffolding molecules of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses, which are crucial for PSD assembly and the formation ...

A Golgi PKD Activity Reporter Reveals a Crucial Role of PKD in Nocodazole-Induced Golgi Dispersal
Yannick F. Fuchs, Stephan A. Eisler, Gisela Link, Oliver Schlicker, Gertrude Bunt, Klaus Pfizenmaier, Angelika Hausser
Traffic, Early View Article, Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family comprises multifunctional serine/threonine-specific protein kinases with three mammalian isoforms: PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3. A prominent PKD function is the regulation of basolateral-targeted transport carrier fission from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). To visualize site-specific PKD activation at this organelle, we designed a molecular reporter consisting ...

Regulation of the Yeast Formin Bni1p by the Actin-Regulating Kinase Prk1p
Junxia Wang, Suat Peng Neo, Mingjie Cai
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 5: 528 - 535, Abstract
The formin family of proteins promotes the assembly of linear actin filaments in the cells of diverse eukaryotic organisms. The predominant formins in mammalian cells are self-inhibited by an intramolecular interaction between two terminal domains and are activated by the binding of the Rho GTPases and other factors. In this study, we show that Bni1p, a formin required for the assembly of actin cables in budding yeast, is also regulated by an autoinhibitory mechanism and phosphorylation ...

The 5' Cap of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Is Required for Virion Attachment to the Actin/Endoplasmic Reticulum Network During Early Infection
Nynne Christensen, Jens Tilsner, Karen Bell, Philippe Hammann, Richard Parton, Christophe Lacomme, Karl Oparka
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 5: 536 - 551, Abstract
Almost nothing is known of the earliest stages of plant virus infections. To address this, we microinjected Cy3 (UTP)-labelled tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) into living tobacco trichome cells. The Cy3-virions were infectious, and the viral genome trafficked from cell to cell. However, neither the fluorescent vRNA pool nor the co-injected green fluorescent protein (GFP) left the injected trichome, ...

Basal Body Assembly in Ciliates: The Power of Numbers
Chad G. Pearson, Mark Winey
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 5: 461 - 471, Abstract
Centrioles perform the dual functions of organizing both centrosomes and cilia. The biogenesis of nascent centrioles is an essential cellular event that is tightly coupled to the cell cycle so that each cell contains only two or four centrioles at any given point in the cell cycle. The assembly of centrioles and their analogs, basal bodies, is well characterized at the ultrastructural level whereby ...

Centrosome Function: Sometimes Less Is More
Nasser M. Rusan, Gregory C. Rogers
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 5: 472 - 481, Abstract
Tight regulation of centrosome duplication is critical to ensure that centrosome number doubles once and only once per cell cycle. Superimposed onto this centrosome duplication cycle is a functional centrosome cycle in which they alternate between phases of quiescence and robust microtubule (MT) nucleation and MT-anchoring activities. In vertebrate cycling cells, interphase ...

From Zero to Many: Control of Centriole Number in Development and Disease
Inês Cunha-Ferreira, Inês Bento, Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 5: 482 - 498, Abstract
Centrioles are essential for the formation of microtubule-derived structures, including cilia, flagella and centrosomes. These structures are involved in a variety of functions, from cell motility to division. In most dividing animal cells, centriole formation is coupled to the chromosome cycle. However, this is not the case in certain specialized divisions, such as meiosis, and in some ...

Control of Granule Mobility and Exocytosis by Ca²⁺-Dependent Formation of F-Actin in Pancreatic Duct Epithelial Cells
Seung-Ryoung Jung, Mean-Hwan Kim, Bertil Hille and Duk-Su Ko
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 4: 392 - 410, Abstract
Elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) triggers exocytosis of secretory granules in pancreatic duct epithelia. In this study, we find that the signal also controls granule movement. Motions of fluorescently labeled granules stopped abruptly after a [Ca²⁺]i increase, kinetically coincident with formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the whole cytoplasm. At high resolution, the new  ...

Touch, Grasp, Deliver and Control: Functional Cross-Talk Between Microtubules and Cell Adhesions
Anna Akhmanova, Samantha J Stehbens, Alpha S Yap
Traffic Early View, January 2009, Abstract
Cross-talk between microtubule networks and sites of cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion has profound impact on these structures and is essential for proper cell organization, polarization and motility. Components of adhesion sites can interact directly with microtubules or with proteins that specifically associate with microtubule plus ends and minus ends and in this way capture ...

Negative Regulation of the Actin-Regulating Kinase Prk1p by Patch Localization-Induced Autophosphorylation
Bo Huang, Ling Ling Chua, Neeyor Bose, Mingjie Cai
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 1: 35 - 41, Abstract
The Prk1 family of protein kinases are important regulators of endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton in some eukaryotic cells. In budding yeast, Prk1p phosphorylates numerous endocytic proteins including Pan1p and Sla1p. Prk1p has been observed to undergo autophosphorylation in vivo. In this study, we determined the sites and underlying role of the autophosphorylation. Two sites located ...

Spastin Couples Microtubule Severing to Membrane Traffic in Completion of Cytokinesis and Secretion
James W. Connell, Catherine Lindon, J. Paul Luzio, Evan Reid
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 1: 42 - 56, Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule (MT)-severing protein spastin are the most common cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia, a genetic condition in which axons of the corticospinal tracts degenerate. We show that not only does endogenous spastin colocalize with MTs, but that it is also located on the early secretory pathway, can be recruited to endosomes and is present in ...

Long-Distance Movement of Aspergillus nidulans Early Endosomes on Microtubule Tracks
Juan F. Abenza, Areti Pantazopoulou, José M. Rodríguez, Antonio Galindo, Miguel A. Peñalva
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 1: 57 - 75, Abstract
In fungal hyphal cells, intracellular membrane trafficking is constrained by the relatively long intracellular distances and the mode of growth, exclusively by apical extension. Endocytosis plays a key role in hyphal tip growth, which involves the coupling of secretory membrane delivery to the apical region with subapical compensatory endocytosis. However, the identity, dynamics and function of ...

The Protein Kinase A-Anchoring Protein Moesin is Bound to Pigment Granules in Melanophores
Irina Semenova, Kazuho Ikeda, Pavel Ivanov, Vladimir Rodionov
Traffic, Volume 10 Issue 2: 153 - 160, Abstract
Major signaling cascades have been shown to play a role in the regulation of intracellular transport of organelles. In Xenopus melanophores, aggregation and dispersion of pigment granules are regulated by the second messenger cyclic AMP through the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA is bound to pigment granules where it forms complexes with molecular motors involved in ...

Multiple Mechanisms for Accumulation of Myosin II Filaments at the Equator During Cytokinesis
Shigehiko Yumura, Masahiro Ueda, Yasushi Sako, Toshiko Kitanishi-Yumura, Toshio Yanagida
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 12: 2089 - 2099, Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed how individual bipolar myosin II filaments accumulate at the equatorial region in dividing Dictyostelium cells. Direct observation of individual filaments in live cells provided us with much convincing information. Myosin II filaments accumulated at the equatorial region by at least two independent mechanisms: (i) cortical flow, ...

Dynamic Remodeling of the Endosomal System During Formation of Salmonella-Induced Filaments by Intracellular Salmonella enterica
Roopa Rajashekar, David Liebl, Arne Seitz, Michael Hensel
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 12: 2100 - 2116, Abstract
The infection by Salmonella enterica results in the massive remodeling of the endosomal system of eukaryotic host cells. One unique consequence is the formation of long tubular endosomal compartments, so-called Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF). Formation of SIF requires the function of type III secretion system and is a requirement of efficient intracellular proliferation of ...

Dynamic Behavior of Salmonella-Induced Membrane Tubules in Epithelial Cells
Dan Drecktrah, Seamus Levine-Wilkinson, Tapen Dam, Seth Winfree, Leigh A. Knodler, Trina A. Schroer, Olivia Steele-Mortimer
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 12: 2117 - 2129, Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in man. Intracellular Salmonella survive and replicate within a modified phagosome known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). The onset of intracellular replication is accompanied by the appearance of membrane tubules, called Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs), extending from the ...

No Conventional Function for the Conventional Kinesin?
Virgil Muresan, Zoia Muresan
Traffic, Volume 9 Issue 11: 1823 - 1827, Abstract
In this issue of Traffic reports on the identification and function of a second squid kinesin, a kinesin-3 motor. As expected, the newly discovered motor associates with axoplasmic organelles in situ and powers motility along microtubules of vesicles isolated from squid axoplasm. Less expected was the finding that kinesin-3 may be the predominant motor for anterograde organelle movement in the ...

Kinesin-1 (uKHC/KIF5B) is Required for Bidirectional Motility of ER Exit Sites and Efficient ER-to-Golgi Transport
Vijay Gupta, Krysten J. Palmer, Peter Spence, Andrew Hudson, David J. Stephens
Traffic, Volume 9 Issue 11: 1850 - 1866, Abstract
Transport of proteins and lipids between intracellular compartments is fundamental to the organization and function of eukaryotic cells. The efficiency of this process is greatly enhanced through coupling of membranes to microtubules. This serves two functions, organelle positioning and vesicular transport. In this study, we show that in addition to the well-known role for the minus-end ...

Kinesin-3 is an Organelle Motor in the Squid Giant Axon
Joseph A. DeGiorgis, Tatyana A. Petukhova, Teresa A. Evans, Thomas S. Reese
Traffic, Volume 9 Issue 11: 1867 - 1877, Abstract
Conventional kinesin (Kinesin-1), the founding member of the kinesin family, was discovered in the squid giant axon, where it is thought to move organelles on microtubules. In this study, we identify a second squid kinesin by searching an expressed sequence tag database derived from the ganglia that give rise to the axon. The full-length open reading frame encodes a 1753 amino acid sequence ...

Rapid Recycling of 2-Adrenergic Receptors is Dependent on the Actin Cytoskeleton and Myosin Vb
Ellen E. Millman, Haibin Zhang, Haixia Zhang, Veronica Godines, Andrew J. Bean, Brian J. Knoll, Robert H. Moore
Traffic, Volume 9 Issue 11: 1958 - 1971, Abstract
For the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), published evidence suggests that an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for the endocytosis of receptors and their proper sorting to the rapid recycling pathway. We have characterized the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of β2AR trafficking in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells using two distinct actin filament disrupting ...

Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Induces Lipid Droplet Redistribution in a Microtubule- and Dynein-Dependent Manner
Steeve Boulant, Mark W. Douglas, Laura Moody, Agata Budkowska, Paul Targett-Adams, John McLauchlan
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 8: 1268-1282, Abstract
Attachment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein to lipid droplets (LDs) is linked to release of infectious progeny from infected cells. Core progressively coats the entire LD surface from a unique site on the organelle, and this process coincides with LD aggregation around the nucleus. We demonstrate that LD redistribution requires only core protein and is accompanied by reduced ...

The Vaccinia Virus F11L Gene Product Facilitates Cell Detachment and Promotes Migration
Ivonne Morales, Maria Alejandra Carbajal, Stefan Bohn, Daniela Holzer, Sayuri E. M. Kato, Frederico A. B. Greco, Nissin Moussatché, Jacomine Krijnse Locker
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 8: 1283-1298, Abstract
We previously showed that infection with vaccinia virus (VV) induces cell motility, characterized by contractility and directed migration. Motility is temporally regulated because cells are motile immediately after infection, whereas late in infection motility ceases and cells resettle. Motility and its cessation are accompanied by temporal rearrangements of both the microtubule and the actin ...

Toxicity and Endocytosis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 Polyglutamine Domains: Role of Myosin IIB†
Béatrice Marquèze-Pouey, Nicole Martin-Moutot, Marie Sakkou-Norton, Christian Lévêque, Yong Ji, Véronique Cornet, Wendy L. Hsiao and Michael Seagar
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 7: 1088–1100, Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a small expansion of CAG repeats in the sequence coding for the cytoplasmic C-terminal region of the Cav2.1 subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels. We have tested the toxicity of mutated Cav2.1 ...

Arp11 Affects Dynein–Dynactin Interaction and is Essential for Dynein Function in Aspergillus nidulans
Jun Zhang, Liqin Wang, Lei Zhuang, Liang Huo, Shamsideen Musa, Shihe Li and Xin Xiang
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 7: 1073–1087, Abstract
The dynactin complex contains proteins including p150 that interacts with cytoplasmic dynein and an actin-related protein Arp1 that forms a minifilament. Proteins including Arp11 and p62 locate at the pointed end of the Arp1 filament, but their biochemical functions are unclear (Schroer TA. ...

Ca2+ Triggers a Novel Clathrin-Independent but Actin-Dependent Fast Endocytosis in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Zixuan He, Junmei Fan, Lijun Kang, Jingze Lu, Yanhong Xue, Pingyong Xu, Tao Xu and Liangyi Chen
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 6: 910-923, Abstract
The existence of clathrin-independent recycling of secretory vesicles has been controversial. By combining patch-clamp capacitance recording, optical methods and specific molecular interventions, we dissect two types of mechanistically different ...

High-Resolution 3D Quantitative Analysis of Caveolar Ultrastructure and Caveola–Cytoskeleton Interactions
Tobias Richter, Matthias Floetenmeyer, Charles Ferguson, Janette Galea, Jaclyn Goh, Margaret R. Lindsay, Garry P. Morgan, Brad J. Marsh Robert G. Parton
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 6: 893-909, Abstract
Caveolae are characteristic invaginations of the mammalian plasma membrane (PM) implicated in lipid regulation, signal transduction and endocytosis. We have employed electron microscope tomography (ET) to quantify caveolae structure–function ...

Tuning Microtubule-Based Transport Through Filamentous MAPs: The Problem of Dynein
Michael Vershinin, Jing Xu, David S. Razafsky, Stephen J. King Steven P. Gross
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 6: 882-892, Abstract
We recently proposed that regulating the single-to-multiple motor transition was a likely strategy for regulating kinesin-based transport in vivo. In this study, we use an in vitro bead assay coupled with an optical trap to investigate how this proposed ...

Co-operative Versus Independent Transport of Different Cargoes by Kinesin-1
Jennetta W. Hammond, Kelly Griffin, Gloria T. Jih, Jeanne Stuckey and Kristen J. Verhey
Traffic, OnlineEarly Article
Published article online: 10-Mar-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00722.x, Abstract
Kinesin motors drive the intracellular transport of multiple cargoes along microtubule tracks; yet, how kinesins discriminate among their many potential cargoes is unknown. We tested whether Kinesin-1 cargoes compete, co-operate or are transported ...

Dictyostelium Sun-1 Connects the Centrosome to Chromatin and Ensures Genome Stability
Huajiang Xiong, Francisco Rivero, Ursula Euteneuer, Subhanjan Mondal, Sebastian Mana-Capelli, Denis Larochelle, Annette Vogel, Berthold Gassen and Angelika A. Noegel
Traffic, OnlineEarly Article
Published article online: 12-Mar-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00721.x, Abstract
The centrosome-nucleus attachment is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. We addressed the function of the nuclear envelope (NE) protein Sun-1 in centrosome-nucleus connection and the maintenance of genome ...

Dynactin Function in Mitotic Spindle Positioning
Jeffrey K. Moore, Jun Li and John A. Cooper
Traffic, OnlineEarly Article
Published article online: 20-Feb-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00710.x, Abstract
Dynactin is a multisubunit protein complex necessary for dynein function. Here, we investigated the function of dynactin in budding yeast. Loss of dynactin impaired movement and positioning of the mitotic spindle, similar to loss of dynein. Dynactin ...

Different Microtubule Motors Move Early and Late Endocytic Compartments
Sylvain Loubéry, Claire Wilhelm, Ilse Hurbain, Sophie Neveu, Daniel Louvard and Evelyne Coudrier
Traffic, OnlineEarly Articles
Published article online: 31-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00704.x, Abstract
Important progress has been made during the past decade in the identification of molecular motors required in the distribution of early and late endosomes and the proper trafficking along the endocytic pathway. There is little direct evidence, however, ...

Dynactin Function in Mitotic Spindle Positioning
Jeffrey K. Moore, Jun Li, and John A. Cooper
Traffic, OnlineAccepted Articles
Accepted article online: 22-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00710.x, Abstract
Dynactin is a multi-subunit protein complex necessary for dynein function. Here, we investigated the function of dynactin in budding yeast. Loss of dynactin impaired movement and positioning of the mitotic spindle, similar to loss of dynein. ...

Different Microtubule Motors Move Early and Late Endocytic Compartments
Sylvain Loubéry, Claire Wilhelm, Ilse Hurbain, Sophie Neveu, Daniel Louvard Evelyne Coudrier
Traffic, OnlineEarly Articles
Published article online: 31-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00704.x, Abstract
Important progress has been made during the past decade in the identification of molecular motors required in the distribution of early and late endosomes and the proper trafficking along the endocytic pathway. There is little direct evidence, however ...

Dynamitin mutagenesis reveals protein-protein interactions important for dynactin structure
Kerstin C. Maier, Jamie E. Godfrey, Christophe J. Echeverri, Frances K.Y. Cheong and Trina A. Schroer
Accepted article online: 7-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00702.x, Abstract
Dynactin is a highly conserved, multiprotein complex that works in conjunction with microtubule-based motors to power a variety of intracellular motile events. Dynamitin (p50) is a core element of dynactin structure. In the present study, we use ...

Cytoplasmic Dynein is Involved in the Retention of Microtubules at the Centrosome in Interphase Cells
Anton Burakov, Olga Kovalenko, Irina Semenova, Olga Zhapparova, Elena Nadezhdina and Vladimir Rodionov
Published article online: 13-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00698.x, Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is known to be involved in the establishment of radial microtubule (MT) arrays. During mitosis, dynein activity is required for tethering of the MTs at the spindle poles. In interphase cells, dynein inhibitors induce loss of radial MT ...

Tau-Induced Traffic Jams Reflect Organelles Accumulation at Points of Microtubule Polar Mismatching
Or A. Shemesh, Hadas Erez, Irith Ginzburg, Micha E. Spira
Published article online: 14-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00695.x, Abstract
It is currently accepted that tau overexpression leads to impaired organelle transport and thus to neuronal degeneration. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that lead to impaired organelle transport are not entirely clear. Using cultured Aplysia neurons ...

Dynamin-Dependent Biogenesis, Cell Cycle Regulation and Mitochondrial Association of Peroxisomes in Fission Yeast
Traffic, OnlineEarly Articles
Published article online: 11-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00685.x, Abstract
Isabelle Jourdain, Dharani Sontam, Chad Johnson, Clément Dillies Jeremy S. Hyams
Peroxisomes were visualized for the first time in living fission yeast cells. In small, newly divided cells, the number of peroxisomes was low but increased in parallel with the increase in cell length/volume that accompanies ...

The Tail that Wags the Dog: The Globular Tail Domain Defines the Function of Myosin V/XI
Jian-Feng Li Andreas Nebenführ
Traffic, OnlineEarly Articles
Published article online: 9-Jan-2008
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00687.x, Abstract
Actin-based organelle movements are driven by the related multifunctional myosin motors of class V in animals and fungi and class XI in plants. The versatility of these motors depends critically on their C-terminal globular tail domain that allows them to bind to a broad variety of ...

The Single Dynamin Family Protein in the Primitive Protozoan Giardia lamblia Is Essential for Stage Conversion and Endocytic Transport
Verena Gaechter, Elisabeth Schraner, Peter Wild Adrian B. Hehl
Traffic, Volume 9, Issue 1: 57-71, Abstract
Dynamins are universally conserved large guanosine triphosphatases, which function as mechanoenzymes in membrane scission. The primitive protozoan Giardia lamblia has a single dynamin-related protein (GlDRP) with ...

Microtubule-Tethering Junctions are Fine Structural Distinct Entities that Deserve Attention
Siegfried Reipert
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 12: 1706-1707, Abstract
Microtubule tethering at cell junctions, as studied by light microscopy (Ligon and Holzbaur, Traffic 2007;8:808–819), exist as easily recognizable ultrastructural entities that are distinct from adherence junctions. Here, we encourage systematic analysis of cortical microtubule capture ...

Dyneins Across Eukaryotes: A Comparative Genomic Analysis
Bill Wickstead Keith Gull
Traffic, OnlineOpen Articles, Volume 8, Issue 12, 1708-1721 Abstract
Dyneins are large minus-end-directed microtubule motors. Each dynein contains at least one dynein heavy chain (DHC) and a variable number of intermediate chains (IC), light intermediate chains (LIC) and light chains (LC). Here, we used genome sequence data from 24 ...

Association of the Kinesin-Binding Domain of RanBP2 to KIF5B and KIF5C Determines Mitochondria Localization and Function
Kyoung-in Cho, Yunfei Cai, Haiqing Yi, Andrew Yeh, Azamat Aslanukov Paulo A. Ferreira
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 12: 1722-1735, Abstract
The Ran-binding protein 2 (RanBP2) is a large mosaic protein with a pleiotropic role in cell function. Although the contribution of each partner and domain of RanBP2 to its biological functions are not understood, physiological deficits of RanBP2 downregulate glucose catabolism and energy homeostasis ...

Migration Cues Induce Chromatin Alterations
Gabi Gerlitz, Idit Livnat, Carmit Ziv, Oded Yarden, Michael Bustin Orly Reiner
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 11: 1521-1529, Abstract
Directed cell migration is a property central to multiple basic biological processes. Here, we show that directed cell migration is associated with global changes in the chromatin fiber. Polarized posttranslational changes in histone H1 along with a transi...

A Functional Dynein–Microtubule Network Is Required for NGF Signaling Through the Rap1/MAPK Pathway
Chengbiao Wu, Alfredo Ramirez, Bianxiao Cui, Jianqing Ding, Jean-Dominique M. Delcroix, Janice S. Valletta, Jia-Jia Liu, Yanmin Yang, Steven Chu William C. Mobley
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 11: 1503-1520, Abstract
Rap1 transduces nerve growth factor (NGF)/tyrosine receptor kinase A (TrkA) signaling in early endosomes, leading to sustained activation of the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK1/2). However, the mechanisms by which NGF, TrkA and Rap1 are tr...

Potential Role of Tubulin Acetylation and Microtubule-Based Protein Trafficking in Familial Dysautonomia
John Gardiner, Deborah Barton, Jan Marc Robyn Overall
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 9: 1145-1149 Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD), a disease of the autonomic and sensory nervous systems, involves mutations in the protein IκB kinase complex-associated protein, which is a component of the human Elongator acetylase complex. We suggest a hypothesis in which def...

Modulation of Cargo Release from Dense Core Granules by Size and Actin Network
Felix Felmy
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 8: 983-997 Abstract
During regulated fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane, a fusion pore first opens and then dilates. The dilating pore allows cargo proteins from the dense core to be released into the extracellular space. Using real-time evanescent field fl...

Defective CFTR Apical Endocytosis and Enterocyte Brush Border in Myosin VI-Deficient Mice
Nadia Ameen Gerard Apodaca
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 8: 998-1006 Abstract
In polarized epithelial cells such as those that line the inner ear, kidney and gut, myosin VI has been localized to the intermicrovillar domains where it is proposed to regulate clathrin-dependent endocytosis; however, a direct role for myosin VI in apica...

Microtubules Tethered at Epithelial Cell Junctions by Dynein Facilitate Efficient Junction Assembly
Lee A. Ligon Erika L. F. Holzbaur
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 7: 808-819 Abstract
Efficient remodeling of cell–cell adhesions is critical during development and morphogenesis. Junctional components must be specifically and rapidly transported to sites of junction assembly. In this study, we show a mechanism by which this targeted traffi...

Cholesterol-Sensitive Cdc42 Activation Regulates Actin Polymerization for Endocytosis via the GEEC Pathway
Rahul Chadda, Mark T. Howes, Sarah J. Plowman, John F. Hancock, Robert G. Parton Satyajit Mayor
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 6: 702-717 Abstract
Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are present at the surface of living cells in cholesterol dependent nanoscale clusters. These clusters appear to act as sorting signals for the selective endocytosis of GPI-APs via a Cdc42-reg...

Microtubule-Facilitated Nuclear Import Pathway for Cancer Regulatory Proteins
Daniela Martino Roth, Gregory W. Moseley, Dominic Glover, Colin W. Pouton David A. Jans
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 6: 673-686 Abstract
Nuclear protein import is dependent on specific targeting signals within cargo proteins recognized by importins (IMPs) that mediate translocation through the nuclear pore. Recent evidence, however, implicates a role for the microtubule (MT) network in faci...

The Ternary Rab27a–Myrip–Myosin VIIa Complex Regulates Melanosome Motility in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Vanda S. Lopes, José S. Ramalho, Dylan M. Owen, Mike O. Karl, Olaf Strauss, Clare E. Futter Miguel C. Seabra
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 5: 486-499 Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) contains melanosomes similar to those found in the skin melanocytes, which undergo dramatic light-dependent movements in fish and amphibians. In mammals, those movements are more subtle and appear to be regulated by the...

Cytoskeleton and Vesicle Mobility in Astrocytes
Maja Potokar, Marko Kreft, Lizhen Li, J. Daniel Andersson, Tina Pangršič, Helena H. Chowdhury, Milos Pekny Robert Zorec
Volume 8, Issue 1: 12-20 Abstract
Exocytotic vesicles in astrocytes are increasingly viewed as essential in astrocyte-to-neuron communication in the brain. In neurons and excitable secretory cells, delivery of vesicles to the plasma membrane for exocytosis involves an interaction with the ...

Targeting of TMV Movement Protein to Plasmodesmata Requires the Actin/ER Network; Evidence From FRAP
Kathryn M. Wright, Nicola T. Wood, Alison G. Roberts, Sean Chapman, Petra Boevink, Katrin M. MacKenzie Karl J. Oparka
Volume 8, Issue 1: 21-31  Abstract
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was used to study the mechanism by which fluorescent-protein-tagged movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is targeted to plasmodesmata (PD). The data show that fluorescence recovery in PD at t...

Hook2 Localizes to the Centrosome, Binds Directly to Centriolin/CEP110 and Contributes to Centrosomal Function
Volume 8, Issue 1: 32-46  Abstract
Györgyi Szebenyi, Branden Hall, Rosa Yu, Arig Ibrahim Hashim Helmut Krämer
Centrosomes serve as microtubule-organizing centers. However, centrosome function depends on microtubule organization and protein transport because the formation, positioning and maintenance of centrosomes require microtubule-dependent retrograde transport...

A Role of Myosin Vb and Rab11-FIP2 in the Aquaporin-2 Shuttle
Pavel I. Nedvetsky, Eduard Stefan, Sebastian Frische, Katja Santamaria, Burkhard Wiesner, Giovanna Valenti, John A. Hammer III, Søren Nielsen, James R. Goldenring, Walter Rosenthal Enno Klussmann
Volume 8, Issue 2: 110-123 Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) regulates water reabsorption in renal collecting duct principal cells. Its binding to Gs-coupled vasopressin V2 receptors increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) and subsequently elicits the redistribution of the water channel aquaporin-2 (A...

Dynactin Enhances the Processivity of Kinesin-2
Matthew A. Berezuk Trina A. Schroer
Traffic, Volume 8, Issue 2: 124-129 Abstract
Kinesin-2 is a major microtubule-based motor in most cell types. Its in vitro motile properties have been analyzed extensively and been found to differ considerably from kinesin-1. Although recombinant kinesin-2 heterodimers exhibit processive movement, th...

Fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus: An Early Apoptotic Event Independent of the Cytoskeleton
Shaeri Mukherjee, Raymond  Chiu, Som-Ming Leung Dennis Shields
Volume 8, Issue 4: 369-378. Abstract
The Golgi apparatus undergoes irreversible fragmentation during apoptosis, in part as a result of caspase-mediated cleavage of several Golgi-associated proteins. However, Golgi structure and orientation is also regulated by the cytoskeleton and cytoskeleta...

Measles Virus Contact with T Cells Impedes Cytoskeletal Remodeling Associated with Spreading, Polarization, and CD3 Clustering
Nora Müller, Elita Avota, Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies, Harry Harms, Georg Krohne and Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 7: 849-858 Abstract
CD3/CD28-induced activation of the PI3/Akt kinase pathway and proliferation is impaired in T cells after contact with the measles virus (MV) glycoprotein (gp) complex. We now show that this signal also impairs actin cytoskeletal remodeling in T cells, whic...

Antagonistic Forces Generated by Cytoplasmic Dynein and Myosin-II during Growth Cone Turning and Axonal Retraction
Kenneth A. Myers, Irina Tint, C. Vidya Nadar, Yan He, Mark M. Black Peter W. Baas
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 10: 1333-1351 Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein transports short microtubules down the axon in part by pushing against the actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies have suggested that comparable dynein-driven forces may impinge upon the longer microtubules within the axon. Here, we examined...

Regulation of Apicomplexan Microfilament Dynamics by a Minimal Set of Actin-Binding Proteins
Herwig Schüler Kai Matuschewski
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 11 Abstract
Efficient and rapid host cell invasion is a prerequisite for an intracellular parasitic life style. Pathogens typically induce receptor-mediated endocytosis and hijack the force-transducing system of a host cell to gain access to a replication-competent ni...

 
Regulation of Cytoskeletal Dynamics at the Immune Synapse: New Stars Join the Actin Troupe
Daniel D. Billadeau Janis K. Burkhardt
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 11: 1451-1460 Abstract
Reorganization of actin cytoskeletal dynamics plays a critical role in controlling T-lymphocyte activation and effector functions. Interaction of T-cell receptors (TCR) with appropriate major histocompatability complex–peptide complexes on antigen-presenti...

Regulatory Dissociation of Tctex-1 Light Chain from Dynein Complex Is Essential for the Apical Delivery of Rhodopsin
Ting-Yu Yeh, Diego Peretti, Jen-Zen Chuang, Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan Ching-Hwa Sung
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 11: 1495-1502 Abstract
Post-Golgi to apical surface delivery in polarized epithelial cells requires the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. However, the nature of dynein–cargo interactions and their underlying regulation are largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that the ap...

Intracellular Trafficking of RNA in Neurons
Wayne S. Sossin Luc DesGroseillers
Volume 7, Issue 12: 1581-1589 Abstract
The transport of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in neurons serves many purposes. During development, trafficking of mRNAs to both axonal and dendritic growth cones regulates neuronal growth. After synapse formation, mRNAs continue to be transported to dendrites bo...

Dynamic Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton During Meiosis and Spore Formation in Budding Yeast
Christof Taxis, Celine Maeder, Simone Reber, Nicole Rathfelder, Kota Miura, Klaus Greger, Ernst H. K. Stelzer Michael Knop
Volume 7, Issue 12: 1628-1646  Abstract
During sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the four daughter cells (spores) are formed inside the boundaries of the mother cell. Here, we investigated the dynamics of spore assembly and the actin cytoskeleton during this process, as well as the requir...

Intracellular Trafficking and the Cytoskeleton
George S. Bloom
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 489-489 Abstract

Axonal Transport of Microtubules: the Long and Short of It
Peter W. Baas, C. Vidya Nadar and Kenneth A. Myers
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 490-498 Abstract
Recent studies on cultured neurons have demonstrated that microtubules are transported down the axon in the form of short polymers. The transport of these microtubules is bidirectional, intermittent, asynchronous, and occurs at the fast rate of known motor...

Microtubule Plus End: A Hub of Cellular Activities
Gideon Lansbergen and Anna Akhmanova
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 499-507 Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers, which control many aspects of cellular architecture. Growing MT plus ends accumulate a specific set of evolutionary conserved factors, the so-called MT plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs). +TIPs regulate MT dy...

RNA Trafficking in Axons
Jose R. Sotelo-Silveira, Aldo Calliari, Alejandra Kun, Edward Koenig and Jose R. Sotelo
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 508-515 Abstract
A substantial number of studies over a period of four decades have indicated that axons contain mRNAs and ribosomes, and are metabolically active in synthesizing proteins locally. For the most part, little attention has been paid to these findings until re...

Viral Strategies for Intracellular Trafficking: Motors and Microtubules
Philip L. Leopold and K. Kevin Pfister
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 516-523 Abstract
To overcome barriers to diffusion, many viruses utilize the microtubule-associated molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein 1 to drive transport towards the nucleus of a target cell. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 generates movement towards the minus end of microtubules l...

Intermediate Filaments and Vesicular Membrane Traffic: The Odd Couple's First Dance?
Melanie L. Styers, Andrew P. Kowalczyk and Victor Faundez
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 5: 359-365 Abstract
During the last two decades, much attention has been focused on the regulation of membrane traffic by the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks. Their dynamic and polarized behavior and associated motors provide a logical framework from which archite...

Septins: Traffic Control at the Cytokinesis Intersection
Emily Joo, Christopher W. Tsang and William S. Trimble
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 8: 626-634 Abstract
The physical division of one cell into two requires the highly orchestrated separation of genetic and cytoplasmic contents during M phase of the cell cycle. Mitosis, the physical segregation of the genetic material of a cell into two daughter cells, has tr...

Chlamydia – Host Cell Interactions: Recent Advances on Bacterial Entry and Intracellular Development
Alice Dautry-Varsat, María Eugenia Balañá and Benjamin Wyplosz
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 8: 561-570 Abstract
Bacteria of the Chlamydiales order are very successful intracellular organisms that grow in human and animal cells, and even in amoebae. They fulfill several essential functions to enter their host cells, establish an intracellular environment favorable fo...

Annexin–Actin Interactions
Matthew J. Hayes, Ursula Rescher, Volker Gerke and Stephen E. Moss
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 8: 571-576 Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a malleable framework of polymerised actin monomers that may be rapidly restructured to enable diverse cellular activities such as motility, endocytosis and cytokinesis. The regulation of actin dynamics involves the coordinated ac...

Regulating Actin Dynamics at Membranes: A Focus on Dynamin
Dorothy A. Schafer
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 7: 463-469 Abstract
Dynamin, the large guanosine triphosphatase, is generally considered to have a key role in deforming membranes to create tubules or vesicles. Dynamin, particularly dynamin2 isoforms, also are localized with actin filaments, often at locations where cellula...

Actin and Microtubules in Cell Motility: Which One is in Control?
Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 7: 470-477 Abstract
The cytoskeleton is composed of three distinct elements: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. The actin cytoskeleton is thought to provide protrusive and contractile forces, and microtubules to form a polarized network allowing or...

Rab GTPases and Myosin Motors in Organelle Motility
Miguel C. Seabra and and Evelyne Coudrier
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 6: 393-399 Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential to ensure the proper location of, and communication between, intracellular organelles. Some actin-based myosin motors have been implicated in this process, particularly members of the class V myosins. We discuss here the...

N-Terminal Kinesins: Many and Various
Marcin J. Wozniak, , Roy Milner and and Viki Allan
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 6: 400-410 Abstract
Molecular motors are a fascinating group of proteins that have vital roles in a huge variety of cellular processes. They all share the ability to produce force through the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, and fall into classes groups: the kinesins, my...

Microtubule Organization and Function in Epithelial Cells
Anne Müsch
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 1: 1-9 Abstract
Microtubules are essential for many aspects of polarity in multicellular organisms, ranging from the asymmetric distribution of cell-fate determinants in the one-cell embryo to the transient polarity generated in migrating fibroblasts. Epithelial cells exh...

The Intraflagellar Transport Machinery of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Douglas G. Cole
Traffic, Volume 4, Issue 7: 435-442 Abstract
First discovered in the green alga, Chlamydomonas, intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the bidirectional movement of protein particles along the length of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Composed of 16 different proteins, IFT particles are moved out to the d...

Unconventional Myosins, Actin Dynamics and Endocytosis: A Ménage à Trois?
Thierry Soldati
Traffic, Volume 4, Issue 6: 358-366 Abstract
Ever since the discovery of class I myosins, the first nonmuscle myosins, about 30 years ago, the history of unconventional myosins has been linked to the organization and working of actin filaments. It slowly emerged from studies of class I myosins in low...

Unconventional Motoring: An Overview of the Kin C and Kin I Kinesins
Yulia Ovechkina and and Linda Wordeman
Traffic, Volume 4, Issue 6: 367-375 Abstract
All kinesins share a conserved core motor domain implying a common mechanism for generating force from ATP hydrolysis. How is it then that kinesins exhibit such divergent activities: motility, microtubule cross-linking and microtubule depolymerization?

Effects of Dynactin Disruption and Dynein Depletion on Axonal Microtubules
Fridoon J. Ahmad, , Yan He, , Kenneth A. Myers, , Thomas P. Hasaka, , Franto Francis, , Mark M. Black and and Peter W. Baas
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 524-537 Abstract
We investigated potential roles of cytoplasmic dynein in organizing axonal microtubules either by depleting dynein heavy chain from cultured neurons or by experimentally disrupting dynactin. The former was accomplished by siRNA while the latter was accompl...

Expanding the Role of the Dynein Regulatory Complex to Non-Axonemal Functions: Association of GAS11 with the Golgi Apparatus
Jessica R. Colantonio, , Janine M. Bekker, , Sarah J. Kim, , Kari M. Morrissey, , Rachelle H. Crosbie and and Kent L. Hill
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 538-548 Abstract
The mammalian GAS11 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor of unknown function that was previously identified as one of several genes upregulated upon growth arrest. Interestingly, although GAS11 homologs in Trypanosoma brucei (trypanin) and Chlamydomonas r...

Clathrin is Important for Normal Actin Dynamics and Progression of Sla2p-Containing Patches During Endocytosis in Yeast
Thomas M. Newpher and and Sandra K. Lemmon
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 5: 574-588 Abstract
Clathrin is a major vesicle coat protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. In yeast and higher eukaryotes, clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane during the early stage of endocytosis along with clathrin-associated adaptors. As coated pits u...

Vaccinia Virus-Induced Microtubule-Dependent Cellular Rearrangements
Antonino Schepis, , Birgit Schramm, , Cornelis A. M. de Haan and Jacomine Krijnse Locker
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 3: 308-323 Abstract
Although infection with vaccinia virus (VV) is known to affect the cytoskeleton, it is not known how this affects the cellular architecture or whether the attenuated modified VV ankara (MVA) behaves similar to wild-type VV (wtVV). In the present study, we ...

Microtubules Facilitate Autophagosome Formation and Fusion of Autophagosomes with Endosomes
Robert Köchl, , Xiao Wen Hu, , Edmond Y. W. Chan and  Sharon A. Tooze
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 2: 129-145 Abstract
Nutrient deprivation of eukaryotic cells provokes a variety of stress responses, including autophagy. Autophagy is carried out by autophagosomes which sequester cytosolic components and organelles for degradation after fusion with protease-containing endo...

The Inner Tegument Promotes Herpes Simplex Virus Capsid Motility Along Microtubules in vitro
André Wolfstein, Claus-Henning Nagel, Kerstin Radtke,  Katinka Döhner,  Victoria J. Allan and Beate Sodeik
Traffic, Volume 7, Issue 2: 227-237 Abstract
After viral fusion, capsids of the neurotropic herpes simplex virus are transported along microtubules (MT) to the nuclear pores for viral genome uncoating, nuclear transcription and replication. After assembly and egress from the nucleus, cytosolic capsid...

In vivo Selective Cytoskeleton Dynamics Quantification in Interphase Cells Induced by Pulsed Ultraviolet Laser Nanosurgery
Julien Colombelli, Emmanuel G. Reynaud,  Jens Rietdorf, Rainer Pepperkok and  Ernst H.K. Stelzer
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 12: 1093-1102 Abstract
We report on the manipulation of intracellular filaments using a nanosurgery system based on a subnanosecond pulsed UV laser optimized for the localized severing of biological polymers. By inducing artificial catastrophe of selected microtubules (MTs), we...

Multiple Roles for Cyclin G-Associated Kinase in Clathrin-Mediated Sorting Events
Claire X. Zhang,  Åsa E. Y. Engqvist-Goldstein,  Sebastien Carreno, David J. Owen,  Elizabeth Smythe and David G. Drubin
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 12: 1103-1113 Abstract
Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), also known as auxilin 2, is a potential regulator of clathrin-mediated membrane trafficking. It possesses a kinase domain at its N-terminus that can phosphorylate the clathrin adaptors AP-1 and AP-2 in vitro. The GAK C-ter...

Kinesin-2 is a Motor for Late Endosomes and Lysosomes
Christa L. Brown, Kerstin C. Maier, Tobias Stauber,  Laura M. Ginkel, Linda Wordeman, Isabelle Vernos and Trina A. Schroer
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 12: 1114-1124 Abstract
The bidirectional nature of late endosome/lysosome movement suggests involvement of at least two distinct motors, one minus-end directed and one plus-end directed. Previous work has identified dynein as the minus-end-directed motor for late endosome/lysoso...

Myosin 5a Controls Insulin Granule Recruitment During Late-Phase Secretion
Rosita Ivarsson,  Xingjun Jing, Laurent Waselle, Romano Regazzi and Erik Renström
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 11: 1027-1035 Abstract
We have examined the importance of the actin-based molecular motor myosin 5a for insulin granule transport and insulin secretion. Expression of myosin 5a was downregulated in clonal INS-1E cells using RNAinterference. Stimulated hormone secretion was reduc...

A Bidirectional Kinesin Motor in Live Drosophila Embryos
Catherine J. Sciambi, Donald J. Komma, Helén Nilsson Sköld, Keiko Hirose and  Sharyn A. Endow
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 11: 1036-1046 Abstract
Spindle assembly and elongation involve poleward and away-from-the-pole forces produced by microtubule dynamics and spindle-associated motors. Here, we show that a bidirectional Drosophila Kinesin-14 motor that moves either to the microtubule plus or minus...

Nuclear Actin-Binding Proteins as Modulators of Gene Transcription
Jan Gettemans, Katrien Van Impe, Veerle Delanote, Thomas Hubert, Joël Vandekerckhove and Veerle De Corte
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 10: 847-857 Abstract
Dynamic transformations in the organization of the cellular microfilament system are the driving force behind fundamental biological processes such as cellular motility, cytokinesis, wound healing and secretion. Eukaryotic cells express a plethora of actin...

Cyclase-Associated Protein is Essential for the Functioning of the Endo-Lysosomal System and Provides a Link to the Actin Cytoskeleton
Hameeda Sultana, Francisco Rivero, Rosemarie Blau-Wasser, Stephan Schwager, Alessandra Balbo, Salvatore Bozzaro,  Michael Schleicher and Angelika A. Noegel
Traffic, V, olume 6, Issue 10: 930-946 Abstract
Data from mutant analysis in yeast and Dictyostelium indicate a role for the cyclase-associated protein (CAP) in endocytosis and vesicle transport. We have used genetic and biochemical approaches to identify novel interacting partners of Dictyostelium CAP ...

A Novel Hook-Related Protein Family and the Characterization of Hook-Related Protein 1
Fiona Simpson, Sally Martin, Timothy M. Evans, Markus Kerr, David E. James,  Robert G. Parton, Rohan D. Teasdale and Carol Wicking
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 6: 442-458 Abstract
The spatial org, anization of organelles within a cell is dependent on microtubules. Recently, members of the Hook family of proteins have been proposed to function in linking organelles to microtubules. We report the identification of a completely novel pro...

Requirement for Microtubules and Dynein Motors in the Earliest Stages of Peroxisome Biogenesis
Cécile B. Brocard, Krissy K. Boucher, Christopher Jedeszko, Peter K. Kim and and Paul A. Walton
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 5: 386-395 Abstract
Our aim was to determine the role of microtubules in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. Fusion experiments between human PEX16- and PEX1-mutant cells in the presence of nocodazol implied that microtubules were not required for import of proteins into the perox...

Molecular Basis for Dissimilar Nuclear Trafficking of the Actin-Bundling Protein Isoforms T- and L-Plastin
Veerle Delanote, Katrien Van Impe, Veerle De Corte, Erik Bruyneel, Guillaume Vetter, Ciska Boucherie, Marc Mareel, Joël Vandekerckhove, Evelyne Friederich and Jan Gettemans
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 4: 335-345 Abstract
T- and L-plastin are highly similar actin-bundling proteins implicated in the regulation of cell morphology, lamellipodium protrusion, bacterial invasion and tumor progression. We show that T-plastin localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm, whereas L-plas...

Structure and Dynamics of the Golgi Complex at 15 °C: Low Temperature Induces the Formation of Golgi-Derived Tubules
Emma Martínez-Alonso, , Gustavo Egea, , José Ballesta and  José A. Martínez-Menárguez
Traffic, Volume 6, Issue 1: 32-44 Abstract
Immunofluorescence and cryoimmunoelectron microscopy were used to examine the morphologic and functional effects on the Golgi complex when protein transport is blocked at the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment) in HeLa cells incub...

The Function of the Endocytic Scaffold Protein Pan1p Depends on Multiple Domains
Nicholas B. Miliaras,, Jin-Hyouk Park and Beverly Wendland
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 12: 963-978 Abstract
Pan1p is an essential protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for the internalization step of endocytosis and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Pan1p, which binds several other endocytic proteins, is composed of multiple protei...

Regulation of Myosin-VI Targeting to Endocytic Compartments
Amber L. Dance, Matthew Miller, Shinobu Seragaki, Prafulla Aryal, Breanne White , Laura Aschenbrenner and Tama Hasson
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 10: 798-813 Abstract
Myosin-VI has been implicated in endocytic trafficking at both the clathrin-coated and uncoated vesicle stages. The identification of alternative splice forms led to the suggestion that splicing defines the vesicle type to which myosin-VI is recruited. In ...

Fractionation and Characterization of Kinesin II Species in Vertebrate Brain
Matthew A. Berezuk and Trina A. Schroer
Traffic, Volume 5, Issu, e 7: 503-513 Abstract
Recent research on kinesin motors has outlined the diversity of the superfamily and defined specific cargoes moved by kinesin family (KIF) members. Owing to the difficulty of purifying large amounts of native motors, much of this work has relied on recombi...

Dense Core Vesicle Dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons and the Role of Kinesin UNC-104
Tobias R. Zahn,  Joseph K. Angleson, Margaret A. MacMorris, Erin Domke, John F. Hutton, Cindi Schwartz and John C. Hutton
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 7: 544-559  Abstract
We have developed a model system in Caenorhabditis elegans to perform genetic a, nd molecular analysis of peptidergic neurotransmission using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged IDA-1. IDA-1 represents the nematode ortholog of the transmembrane proteins I...

Effector Proteins Encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Interfere with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton after Translocation into Host Cells
Volker Kuhle, Daniela Jäckel and Michael Hensel
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 5: 356-370 Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica has evolved strategies to modify its fate inside host cells. One key virulence factor for the intracellular pathogenesis is the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island...

<, STRONG>A Novel Kinesin-Like Protein, KIF1Bβ3 Is Involved in the Movement of Lysosomes to the Cell Periphery in Non-Neuronal Cells
Masafumi Matsushita, Shingo Tanaka, Norihiro Nakamura, Hiroki Inoue and Hiroshi Kanazawa
Traffic, Volume 5, Issue 3: 140-151 Abstract
The kinesin superfamily protein, KIF1Bβ, a splice variant of KIF1B, is involved in the transport of synaptic vesicles in neuronal cells, and is also expressed in various non-neuronal tissues. To elucidate the functions of KIF1Bβ in non-neuronal cells, we a...